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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(2): 23-36, ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385915

ABSTRACT

Resumen El uso constante de los dispositivos móviles está generando nuevos fenómenos de comportamiento. En años recientes, se ha puesto énfasis en los cambios cognitivos que se podrían generar en los jóvenes que hacen uso excesivo de estos dispositivos. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en la atención sostenida en jóvenes universitarios asociadas a distintos niveles de uso del teléfono inteligente. Se obtuvo una muestra de 94 adultos, 34 hombres y 60 mujeres de 18 a 23 años (M = 19.34, DE = 1.09) alumnos de la escuela superior de Actopan, Hidalgo-México. Se aplicó la Escala de Dependencia y Adicción al Smartphone EDAS (Aranda-López et al., 2017) y una prueba computarizada de ejecución continua (CPT) Test of Atenttional Vigilance (TOAV; Mueller y Pipper, 2014). Se realizó un ANOVA de una vía, en el que la variable independiente fue el nivel de uso del teléfono inteligente (sin dependencia, dependencia y adicción) y la variable dependiente fueron las puntuaciones obtenidas en el TOAV. Se observó que existen diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico en lo relativo a errores de omisión de la segunda mitad de la prueba (p = .005); las diferencias fueron entre los grupos de sin dependencia-dependencia (p = .010) y sin dependencia-adicción (p = .024). Acorde a los hallazgos del presente estudio, existen diferencias en el proceso de atención sostenida entre usuarios con diferentes niveles de uso del teléfono inteligente; los estudiantes con niveles de dependencia y adicción enfrentan dificultades en la atención sostenida cuando la tarea se prolonga y aumenta la demanda cognitiva.


Abstract The constant use of mobile devices changed our lives dramatically during the past years and its usage increased over the years. Smartphone use is associated with isolation and interpersonal problems; its overuse can cause cognitive problems too (Matar Boumosleh & Jaalouk, 2017). Cognitive problems associated with smartphones in young people are reduction of sustained attention and working memory. Findings have been reported in which younger populations show deterioration in different components of care, highlighting the difficulty of walking and using the smartphone at the same time (Prupetkaew et al., 2019). It has been reported that the impulsivity associated with use of smartphone in silent mode interferes in memory tests unlike when it is in off mode in young populations (Canale et al., 2019). It is necessary to evaluate the effects of using a smartphone on young people because it is a population that uses it constantly to develop in work, academic, sports, and even socializing activities. The aim of this paper was to find out the differences in sustained attention in young university students with different levels of smartphone use. A sample of 94 adults, 34 men and 60 women between the ages of 18 and 23 (M = 19.34, SD = 1.09), who were students of the higher school of Actopan, Hidalgo-Mexico. The EDAS -Smartphone Dependency and Addiction Scale- was applied (Aranda-López et al., 2017). For the evaluation of attention, a Computerized Continuous Running Test (CPT), Test of Attentional Vigilance (TOAV) was applied using the Psychology Experimental Building Language PEBL-2 platform (Mueller & Pipper, 2014). The inclusion criteria were that the participants were between 18-23 years old, right-handed, with normal and/or corrected vision. They were excluded from the investigation if they had a history of psychiatric and/or neurological diseases, learning difficulties, chronic alcohol and/or drug use. A one-way ANOVA was performed, where the independent variable was the level of smartphone use (no dependence, dependence and addiction) and the dependent variable was the scores obtained in the TOAV. It was observed that there are statistically significant differences in the errors of omission of the second half of the test (p = .05), the differences were found between the groups of no dependence-dependence (p =.10) and without dependence-addiction (p = .24). The results showed that there are differences in the execution of a neuropsychological task, regarding the omission errors of the second part of the test. These differences could suggest that the level of sustained attention is diminished in the participants of the dependency and addiction group at the end of the task. On the other hand, it is also concluded that students with levels of dependence and smartphone addiction face attention difficulties when the task is longer and cognitive demand increases. This type of data must be analyzed taking into consideration variables such as sex, socioeconomic level, age, profile of use, quality of sleep, level of physical activity, among others.

2.
Rev. Finlay ; 9(1): 63-68, ene.-mar. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092094

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síndrome de sensibilidad a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos es una reacción de hipersensibilidad que se desencadena por múltiples drogas, tales como antibióticos, antiinflamatorios, anticonvulsivantes que ocurre en el 2,2 % de los pacientes hospitalizados. Su importancia radica en la alta mortalidad, que puede alcanzar hasta un 30 %. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 5 años, con antecedentes de epilepsia diagnosticada, tratada con carbamazepina, que al corto tiempo de iniciar tratamiento anticonvulsivante evolucionó con fiebre de 11 días. Posteriormente aparecieron lesiones cutáneas eritematosas maculopapulares pruriginosas. Se ingresó con el diagnostico de síndrome febril prolongado. Los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron eosinofilia, elevación de pruebas hepáticas y de proteína C reactiva. Se planteó síndrome de sensibilidad a drogas inducido por carbamazepina, tras resultado de la biopsia de piel se suspende el anticomicial, remitiendo así el cuadro, con normalización de eosinófilos y función hepática. El paciente evolucionó sin fiebre y en buen estado general. Se presenta este caso por la baja prevalencia de este síndrome en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos.


Abstract Drug reaction syndrome with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is a reaction of hypersensitivity which triggers due to multiple drugs such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsants which occur in 2,2 % of admitted patients. Its importance is related in the high mortality that can achieve 30 %. A case of a 5 year old boy with antecedents of diagnosed epilepsy, treated with carbamazepine, who short time after starting the treatment had fever for 11 days. Posteriorly cutaneous erythematous pruritic maculopapular skin lesions appeared. He was admitted with the diagnosis of prolonged febrile syndrome. Laboratory test showed eosinophilia, elevation of liver tests and C-reactive protein. A syndrome of drug sensitivity was considered induced by carbamazepine, after the result of skin biopsy anti-comicial is suspended thus improving the condition, with normalization of eosinophils and liver function. The patient progressed without fever and good general condition. The case is presented due to the low prevalence of this syndrome in the University Pediatric Hospital Paquito González Cueto. Cienfuegos.

3.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(2, Supl.1): S20-S26, mayo-ago. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645146

ABSTRACT

La obesidad constituye un problema grave de salud pública. La OMS la define como una acumulaciónanormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud. La prevalencia se ha incrementado.Enfermedad crónica, compleja y multifactorial, en la que interaccionan factores genéticos y ambientales. Elíndice de Quételet o índice de masa corporal (IMC), es usado para estimar la gravedad. La valoración inicialdebe incluir exploración física y valorar el desarrollo puberal. Se asocia, con complicaciones inmediatas,int e rmedi a s y t a rdí a s . El t r a t ami ento e s multidisciplinario e individualizado. La cirugía en la población pediátrica está limitada. No se debe perder de vista que la solución ideal a este problema es laprevención.


Obesity is a serious public health problema. WHO defines it as an accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that can be harmful to health. The prevalence has increased. It's a chronic, complex and multifactorial patology, in which genetic and environmental factors interact. Quetelet index or body mass index is used to estímate the severity. The initial assessment should include physical examination and assess pubertal development. It is associated with immediate, intermédiate and late complications. The treatment is multidisciplinary and individualized. Surgery in the pediatric population is limited. Do not forget that the ideal solution to this problema is prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Young Adult , Obesity, Morbid/classification , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis , Obesity, Morbid/diet therapy , Obesity, Morbid/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/genetics , Obesity, Morbid/history , Obesity, Morbid/pathology , Obesity, Morbid/therapy , Body Mass Index , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Obesity, Morbid/psychology
4.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(2, Supl.1): S31-S36, mayo-ago. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645148

ABSTRACT

Las fórmulas para la alimentación de los lactantes tratan de ser parecidas lo más posible a la leche materna (LM). En el siglo XIX se describió una de las primeras fórmulas y en esta misma época Von Bunge publicó el primer análisis de la composición tanto de la LM como la LV. En 1977 el Comité de la ESPGHAN, publica recomendaciones para la composición de una fórmula adaptada. Las 3 indicaciones principales para el uso de las fórmulas para lactantes son: sustituto de la LM en aquellos lactantes en quienes la LM se contraindica por alguna razón médica; complemento en aquellos lactantes alimentados al seno materno que no incrementan de peso adecuadamente, y sustituto o complemento de la LM en lactantes cuyas madres eligen no amamantar o no hacerlo de forma exclusiva.


The formulas for feeding infants try to be similar as posible to breast milk (BM). In the nineteenth century, describe done of the first formulas and this time Von Bunge pusblished the first analysis of the composition of both the BM and cow's milk (CM). In 1977 the ESPGHAN Committee publishes recommendations for the composition of an adapted formula. The 3 main indications for the use of infant formulas are: BM substitute in infants in whom the BM is contraindicated for medical reasons, complementary in those breastfed infants do not increase weight appropriately, and substitute or BM complement infants whose mothers choose not to breastfeed or not do so exclusively.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant Formula/classification , Infant , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Milk, Human/physiology
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